Clinical Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Metrics 101: How to Evaluate Artificial Intelligence Tools for Veterinary Clinical Practices
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 56(5), 2026
Invited article in the special issue on artificial intelligence in small animal veterinary medicine.
A practical guide for veterinarians: what sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall and AUC actually tell you, why accuracy alone misleads, why expert disagreement sets a ceiling on any AI's measured performance, and the four questions to ask before adopting a tool.
Published version (Elsevier) · Accepted manuscript (PDF, free)
The free PDF is the authors' accepted manuscript, shared under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Please cite the published version.